Lampwork Etc.
 
TrueDesign

LE Live Chat

Enter Live Chat

No users in chat




Caber Light


 

Go Back   Lampwork Etc. > Library > Tips, Techniques, and Questions

Tips, Techniques, and Questions -- Technical questions or tips

Reply
 
Thread Tools
  #1  
Old 2008-02-07, 6:35pm
StOrM's Avatar
StOrM StOrM is offline
passionate about pets
 
Join Date: Oct 26, 2007
Location: Calgary, AB, Canada
Posts: 2,046
Arrow Push pins....help on how to make them.

I was wondering if anyone has any suggestions on how to go about making push pins with glass on the one side.....

what gauge wire/steel?
would you treat it the same as you would any other glass item and anneal it?
can someone help me out ....maybe if there is a tutorial out there somewhere?

thanks
__________________
"You create your own reality"

*StOrM*

Nortel Minor- Natural gas & Oxycon


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #2  
Old 2008-02-07, 11:25pm
Wendyki's Avatar
Wendyki Wendyki is offline
Trying to Hope!
 
Join Date: Nov 13, 2006
Location: Ripon California
Posts: 3,845
Default

hmm that would be fun to make

I would imagine it would have to be a pretty tough steel or hardmetal.

Might be worth a shot to play with 1/16th mandrels and sharpen the ends?
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

Etsy Here
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Ebay Here
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

NEW Ebay Items all the time here
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

I buy Gold PM me for details
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
NEW Handmade jewelry on Etsy
Reply With Quote
  #3  
Old 2008-02-08, 7:22am
Dale M.'s Avatar
Dale M. Dale M. is offline
Gentleman of Leisure
 
Join Date: Jun 10, 2005
Location: A Little Bit West of Yosemite Valley
Posts: 5,200
Default

How about making bead on very end of 1/16 mandrel with NO bead release...

And as Wendyki said, just cut off mandrel and sharpen it...

Sure you can anneal it..... I would.

Dale
__________________
You can lead a person to knowledge, but you can't make them think.

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Vendor-Artist-Studio-Teacher Registry

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
San Francisco - A Few Toys Short of a Happy Meal
Reply With Quote
  #4  
Old 2008-02-08, 10:34am
Dale M.'s Avatar
Dale M. Dale M. is offline
Gentleman of Leisure
 
Join Date: Jun 10, 2005
Location: A Little Bit West of Yosemite Valley
Posts: 5,200
Default

How about getting old "victrola " needles...

http://www.needledoctor.com/Victrola-Steel-Needles

Seem to remember the are about 1/2 inch long and very sharp... You could use pin vice to hold then while making bead....

Only thing is they may be to short....

Dale
__________________
You can lead a person to knowledge, but you can't make them think.

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Vendor-Artist-Studio-Teacher Registry

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
San Francisco - A Few Toys Short of a Happy Meal
Reply With Quote
  #5  
Old 2008-02-08, 10:51am
cghipp's Avatar
cghipp cghipp is offline
<--- Time traveler
 
Join Date: Jun 11, 2005
Location: Rock Hill, SC
Posts: 2,476
Default

Too bad tungsten is so brittle - if it wasn't, you could use it and sharpen the ends with Chem Sharp. (Not helpful, I know...)
__________________
Smiling's my favorite!
Reply With Quote
  #6  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:05am
Robinj's Avatar
Robinj Robinj is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 15, 2005
Location: Davison, MI
Posts: 802
Default

Burgard used to make a kit, but they discontinued it. It was a pre-made pin with a small stem that you glued into a bead and then had a little thumbtack shaped part to glue into the top hole.
__________________
Hot glass looks the same as cold glass --Cirino's Law of Burnt Fingers
Reply With Quote
  #7  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:18am
Wendyki's Avatar
Wendyki Wendyki is offline
Trying to Hope!
 
Join Date: Nov 13, 2006
Location: Ripon California
Posts: 3,845
Default

awesome idea on the victrola needles
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

Etsy Here
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Ebay Here
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

NEW Ebay Items all the time here
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

I buy Gold PM me for details
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
NEW Handmade jewelry on Etsy
Reply With Quote
  #8  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:20am
Michelle Walsh's Avatar
Michelle Walsh Michelle Walsh is offline
Mama said
 
Join Date: Aug 28, 2005
Location: Iowa
Posts: 4,134
Default

Great ideas! Perfect teacher gifts.

~Michelle
Reply With Quote
  #9  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:33am
Robinj's Avatar
Robinj Robinj is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 15, 2005
Location: Davison, MI
Posts: 802
Default

Cool idea on the victorla needles -- $7 for shipping though. Could we do a mini-bulk buy on them?
__________________
Hot glass looks the same as cold glass --Cirino's Law of Burnt Fingers
Reply With Quote
  #10  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:46am
StOrM's Avatar
StOrM StOrM is offline
passionate about pets
 
Join Date: Oct 26, 2007
Location: Calgary, AB, Canada
Posts: 2,046
Default

But iof they are only 1/2 inch long.....i don't know if that would work, a normal push pin(the metal part that sticks out from the plasitc) is about 3/8 of an inch. so if the victorla needle is less than that i don't think the pish pin would stay in the wall/board. I would have to be at least 1/2 an inch....or more so you could either make your glass on it OR glue in afterwards.....

how can we figure out how long they are? and how thick?
__________________
"You create your own reality"

*StOrM*

Nortel Minor- Natural gas & Oxycon


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #11  
Old 2008-02-08, 12:03pm
StOrM's Avatar
StOrM StOrM is offline
passionate about pets
 
Join Date: Oct 26, 2007
Location: Calgary, AB, Canada
Posts: 2,046
Default

i was thinking of making them for office people who may not wear jewelry or for men that like glaqssd but don't wear jewelry...but teacher gifts are good too......or a present for your boss....etc.....i saw them once while i was browsing online and throught it was such a nice idea.......

ok i talked with the people at the needle doctor from the web site that Dale suggested. The victorla needles are 5/8 of an inch long. and 1.5mm thick, which i think are perfect.....you would have approx 3/16 of an inch to put the glass on and the rest would stick out....

to ship here to canada would cost me $10......and i am not sure if i want to pay that much shipping.....i hate shipping cost to this country.....it is always more for canadaians then it is for Americans....

I would LOVE to do a bulk buy......i am sure if someone shipped them here they could ship them in an envelope and it would cost not very much.......let me know if you guys want to do this
__________________
"You create your own reality"

*StOrM*

Nortel Minor- Natural gas & Oxycon


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #12  
Old 2008-02-08, 10:36pm
CO_Phantom's Avatar
CO_Phantom CO_Phantom is offline
as in the state
 
Join Date: Feb 05, 2006
Location: Yuma, CO
Posts: 1,428
Default

Those victrola needles look great!

I'd never thought about doing push pins. Wow....great idea! I'd be all for doing a mini-bulk buy on these.

-Amy
__________________
Carlisle MiniCC with 2 Devilbiss oxycons
B8 with pond air pump!
Reply With Quote
  #13  
Old 2008-02-08, 10:45pm
Bobby Bobby is offline
Bobby
 
Join Date: Jul 01, 2005
Location: the US of A
Posts: 131
Default

I make my push pins from brads found in the hardware store. They are stiffer than a heated mandrel and so far I haven't had trouble with them.

Sorry the picture is a little out of focus.




I wire the nail/brad between six small mandrels to keep it steady while I melt the glass and then I can put the whole thing in the kiln.

Bobby
Reply With Quote
  #14  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:11pm
theglasszone's Avatar
theglasszone theglasszone is offline
I speak Murrini!
 
Join Date: Oct 12, 2006
Location: In a Glass House, CA
Posts: 9,170
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Bobby View Post
I make my push pins from brads found in the hardware store. They are stiffer than a heated mandrel and so far I haven't had trouble with them. Sorry the picture is a little out of focus.

I wire the nail/brad between six small mandrels to keep it steady while I melt the glass and then I can put the whole thing in the kiln.
Bobby
Bobby!!! You are (yet again...) AMAZING!!!! These look wonderfully perfect...and the brad holding idea with the mandrels wired together - wow! Could you give us the "specs" on the brads you use? (Length/Head diameter?) Thanks for sharing and inspiring us all!

I'm beginning to think you are related to the inventor of the wheel!!!! Is your last name "Jefferson" (as in Thomas - inventor of the Light Bulb!)?

DeAnne in CA
__________________
~DeAnne~
I've got a murrini for that,'ya know!
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


"Only a fool rushes to his own demise..." ~Zorro
Reply With Quote
  #15  
Old 2008-02-08, 11:42pm
Bobby Bobby is offline
Bobby
 
Join Date: Jul 01, 2005
Location: the US of A
Posts: 131
Default

THANKS ! ! ! DeAnne
My muse wakes me up in the middle of the night for these things..............

The first brad on the left {longest} is
1.....1x22mm
2.....1x19mm
3.....1 1/2x21mm
4.....1 1/2x17mm

The heads are 3mm and 4mm across.

Before I wire the brad to the mandrel I tape the other end together to make it easier when I do wire the brad into the center of the mandrels. Keeps them from slipping all over the place. Just heat up the brad till you get a little glow and no more. Then add glass to the head first making sure you have it covered and then you can add more glass.

Oh...........6 of the 1/16th mandrels make a nice center for the brads to set in. Nothing slips or moves when it is all wired together.

Enjoy

Bobby

Last edited by Bobby; 2008-02-08 at 11:44pm. Reason: forgot the 6 mandrels
Reply With Quote
  #16  
Old 2008-02-09, 10:35am
scoutycat's Avatar
scoutycat scoutycat is offline
geekitude on two wheels
 
Join Date: Aug 07, 2007
Location: Ottawa, Canada
Posts: 678
Default

Would hemostats work to hold the brads?
I've alwyas made push pins by doing offhand cabs, etc and then glueing then on to regular flathead thumbtacks afterwards. I roughed up the glass on the glue side a bit with sand paper, then used a big glob of epoxy - enough to 'grab' the thumbtack. They've stayed together for 6 years now with no issues. - jen
__________________
-jen
Reply With Quote
  #17  
Old 2008-02-09, 10:45am
StOrM's Avatar
StOrM StOrM is offline
passionate about pets
 
Join Date: Oct 26, 2007
Location: Calgary, AB, Canada
Posts: 2,046
Default

all of these sounds like a good idea.......

the victrola needles are steel so small chance of melting
the brad nails are ? (worried about melting the nail)
gluing on a flat pushpin is nice also, if you can make off mandrel cabs/.

if anyone has more pictures i would love to see our push pins!!!!


also a bulk buy might be a good idea....the victrola needles are 25 for $6.00 (so about .24 cents each) with $10 for shipping here.....so everyone let me know how many you want and i will do the bulk buy....and then ship out accordingly.....
__________________
"You create your own reality"

*StOrM*

Nortel Minor- Natural gas & Oxycon


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #18  
Old 2008-02-09, 1:18pm
jhana's Avatar
jhana jhana is offline
><>
 
Join Date: Sep 20, 2005
Location: O.C., CA
Posts: 3,498
Default

Are the brads coated with zinc?
__________________
~Happy Hermit~ First,Do No Harm
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
An Ace Juicy Halo
"In the whole world I have no twin, and my face is not me. I am someone under the skin others see only in glances."
"I can live with not being popular,but not with compromising my beliefs in order to fit in." jh
"Tolerance becomes a crime when applied to evil." Thomas Mann
Reply With Quote
  #19  
Old 2008-02-09, 1:25pm
Mark Parkinson's Avatar
Mark Parkinson Mark Parkinson is offline
hi ho hi ho its off to ..
 
Join Date: Oct 27, 2007
Location: Odessa, Ontario, Canada
Posts: 289
Smile

This thread gave me a v8 moment ... I made a mandrel to make tacks with heres the result ... the nails are what I had in the shop they are 1/6" x 1" (and rusty) I'll have to get some new ones before I make more tacks ... I phoned my local industrial fastener supply and they are available in stainless steel, he did not know the price off hand but guessed around $10 a Lb that would be about 1500 nails ... when he gets back to me on price I'll let you know ... the next mandrel head I will make shorter, this one is 2" long and throws off the balance and the 1/8" stainless mandrel does not need to be removeable, the nail is held in place with a set screw that can be loosend with an allen wrench and just droped into the kiln for annealing.
Attached Images
 
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
People who call me weird think I should take it personally. if you really want to upset me you should call me normal !!!

on
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #20  
Old 2008-02-09, 1:34pm
jhana's Avatar
jhana jhana is offline
><>
 
Join Date: Sep 20, 2005
Location: O.C., CA
Posts: 3,498
Default

That looks promising, Mark.
I also would prefer the stainless steel so I'm not breathing the zinc fumes.
__________________
~Happy Hermit~ First,Do No Harm
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
An Ace Juicy Halo
"In the whole world I have no twin, and my face is not me. I am someone under the skin others see only in glances."
"I can live with not being popular,but not with compromising my beliefs in order to fit in." jh
"Tolerance becomes a crime when applied to evil." Thomas Mann
Reply With Quote
  #21  
Old 2008-02-09, 1:40pm
Mark Parkinson's Avatar
Mark Parkinson Mark Parkinson is offline
hi ho hi ho its off to ..
 
Join Date: Oct 27, 2007
Location: Odessa, Ontario, Canada
Posts: 289
Default

jhana
most (not all) small finishing nails do not have zinc on them it can discolour some hardwoods you can remove zinc by soaking in ascetic acid (vineger pickling is stronger) or in citric acid that can be obtained at most health food stores in a dry powder form and mixed as needed.
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
People who call me weird think I should take it personally. if you really want to upset me you should call me normal !!!

on
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #22  
Old 2008-02-09, 1:44pm
jhana's Avatar
jhana jhana is offline
><>
 
Join Date: Sep 20, 2005
Location: O.C., CA
Posts: 3,498
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mark Parkinson View Post
jhana
most (not all) small finishing nails do not have zinc on them it can discolour some hardwoods you can remove zinc by soaking in ascetic acid (vineger pickling is stronger) or in citric acid that can be obtained at most health food stores in a dry powder form and mixed as needed.
Thanks.
I'm thinking it might be easier to just find them in stainless steel at a marine supply store,no?
__________________
~Happy Hermit~ First,Do No Harm
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
An Ace Juicy Halo
"In the whole world I have no twin, and my face is not me. I am someone under the skin others see only in glances."
"I can live with not being popular,but not with compromising my beliefs in order to fit in." jh
"Tolerance becomes a crime when applied to evil." Thomas Mann
Reply With Quote
  #23  
Old 2008-02-09, 1:48pm
Mark Parkinson's Avatar
Mark Parkinson Mark Parkinson is offline
hi ho hi ho its off to ..
 
Join Date: Oct 27, 2007
Location: Odessa, Ontario, Canada
Posts: 289
Default

if you have a marine supply store near you that would be the way to go ... I would also look to see if they had brass or bronze ones and see if they would stand up to the heat ... I'll will be looking for myself on monday thanks for the tought prompt
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
People who call me weird think I should take it personally. if you really want to upset me you should call me normal !!!

on
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #24  
Old 2008-02-09, 3:07pm
Donna T.'s Avatar
Donna T. Donna T. is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 03, 2006
Location: GA
Posts: 1,732
Default

I've been thinking of the same thing lately. Push pins and magnets. You know for people who those organization boards in their home office or at work. the kind that has magnetic dry erase on one side and cork or the other.
I've experimented with just glueing a magnet to the flat back of a bead. It looks o.k but of course you can see the hole running thru.
I don't know how to do off mandrel work so that's all I have for the magnet idea but I couldn't get my mind around the push pins. I think I'm going to head to the hardware store this weekend and see what I can find in the nail section.
I think it's funny when some of us get the same idea at the same time. How cool is that?
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.



"People can be the wind beneath your wings or the anchor on your boat" John Maxwell
Reply With Quote
  #25  
Old 2008-02-09, 3:20pm
scoutycat's Avatar
scoutycat scoutycat is offline
geekitude on two wheels
 
Join Date: Aug 07, 2007
Location: Ottawa, Canada
Posts: 678
Default

It's actually not that hard to do off mandrel work, and kind of fun once you get the hang of it. You'll learn better heat control which helps with on mandrel work, too. For the pins I made, I just squished a lolly pop of glass, puntied up to the back of it & melted of the rod I used for the lolly pop. Now you have a flat round bit puntied to a rod, like a T . Then just decorate the top of the round how you want, being careful not to over heat the back. If you start to lose control, you can use a cold tool (like a stump shaper) to chill the back a bit and get it into shape. It's a great way to practice puntying because screwups aren't so bad, no one is going to see that part anyways & you can always dremel it down, so you don't lose pieces because of punty marks.
__________________
-jen
Reply With Quote
  #26  
Old 2008-02-09, 4:07pm
StOrM's Avatar
StOrM StOrM is offline
passionate about pets
 
Join Date: Oct 26, 2007
Location: Calgary, AB, Canada
Posts: 2,046
Default

I personally don't like the look of nails, I know they are cheaper but if you look at the back of any nice tack/pushpin the taper/point is smooth.. I would also hate it if they started to rust or oxydize ....

the victrola needles are nice and smooth,....here is a picture


if anyone can come up with a better idea that is a bit cheaper i would love to get some feedback.
__________________
"You create your own reality"

*StOrM*

Nortel Minor- Natural gas & Oxycon


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #27  
Old 2008-02-09, 4:23pm
ROC's Avatar
ROC ROC is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 01, 2007
Location: Greenville, SC
Posts: 1,749
Default

Anybody know what straight pins used in sewing are made of? I have some older ones that area actually brass, but they've got to be something that won't rust, I would think. They have that nice little head to hang on to the glass, and they would be smoothly tapered and sharp.
__________________
~Rachel

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
Reply With Quote
  #28  
Old 2008-02-09, 4:26pm
theglasszone's Avatar
theglasszone theglasszone is offline
I speak Murrini!
 
Join Date: Oct 12, 2006
Location: In a Glass House, CA
Posts: 9,170
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mark Parkinson View Post
This thread gave me a v8 moment ... I made a mandrel to make tacks with; here's the result ... around $10 a lb. that would be about 1500 nails...the next mandrel head I will make shorter...the nail is held in place with a set screw that can be loosened with an Allen wrench and just dropped into the kiln for annealing.
Mark!!!!

Completely awesome!!! I was thinking of trying this with a pin vise...do you think it might work? Also, are you going to do a little "production" run of these tack mandrels? If so, I'd love to get in line for one!!! ( + nudge)

Also, if you end up purchasing a bulk amount of the tacks, I'd be interested in buying a portion to help off-set your cost...hope you'll keep me in mind!

Thanks,
DeAnne in CA
__________________
~DeAnne~
I've got a murrini for that,'ya know!
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


"Only a fool rushes to his own demise..." ~Zorro
Reply With Quote
  #29  
Old 2008-02-09, 4:40pm
Mark Parkinson's Avatar
Mark Parkinson Mark Parkinson is offline
hi ho hi ho its off to ..
 
Join Date: Oct 27, 2007
Location: Odessa, Ontario, Canada
Posts: 289
Default

DeAnne

I will be making at least a couple more I'll post here when they are ready as to the tacks that too I will post when I find a price. If I do a miny production run of mandrels I'll include a hundred or so tacks with them we'll have to see how my machine work on the lathe turns out

p.s. yes a pin vice will probably work as long as it is one of the steel ones not the cheap aluminum ones they will last about .5 sec if you accidentally "flash" it in the flame don't ask me how I know
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
People who call me weird think I should take it personally. if you really want to upset me you should call me normal !!!

on
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

Last edited by Mark Parkinson; 2008-02-09 at 4:43pm. Reason: added p.s.
Reply With Quote
  #30  
Old 2008-02-09, 4:40pm
Mark Parkinson's Avatar
Mark Parkinson Mark Parkinson is offline
hi ho hi ho its off to ..
 
Join Date: Oct 27, 2007
Location: Odessa, Ontario, Canada
Posts: 289
Default

Storm

Victrola needles are just plain steel and will rust thats why they used to be kept in a felt lined box to keep the damp away


I just reread this post and realized I came off as really condiscending, I did not mean it that way I'm sorry.

What I do mean is that no steel is rust proof some just rust slower than others. Even stainless steel will rust, a lot slower than regular carbon steel but it will rust, until you get into the stainless blends that the areospace industry uses that cost thousands of dollars per lb there is no steel that will not rust.
__________________

To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
People who call me weird think I should take it personally. if you really want to upset me you should call me normal !!!

on
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.


To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 5 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.

Last edited by Mark Parkinson; 2008-02-10 at 9:15am. Reason: trying to rephrase properly
Reply With Quote
Reply


Currently Active Users Viewing This Thread: 1 (0 members and 1 guests)
 
Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Forum Jump




All times are GMT -7. The time now is 2:30am.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.7.5
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Your IP: 3.81.222.152